Nursing Field Argument

14 September 2012 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to inform those who may be unaware of the problem of low nurse to patient ratios and how to correct it. Many patients suffer due to understaffed nurses. Not only does the patient suffer, the nurse does as well. A patient faces a higher chance of having pneumonia and it being unnoticed and untreated, due to the fact that a nurse has so many patients to care for all at once. Quite a few nurses become burnt out due to working an abundant amount of hours at a time, even become dissatisfied with working as a nurse. You can read also Coronary Artery Disease Nursing Care PlanIn order to prevent low patient to nurse ratios there should be maximum of four patients to one nurse. The issue of low nurse to patient ratios needs to be corrected in order to prevent chaos in the nursing field. Low Nurse to Patient Ratios Correction A recent issue in the nursing field has become extremely prevalent in the past decade. Low nurse to patient ratios have been linked to putting patients in danger. Not only do the low ratios affect the patient, they have added stress up on the nurse as well. An abundant amount of Nurses become burnt out.Working long hours filled with hard labor have caused nurses to become fatigue and overworked. Nurses no longer want to work in the nursing field any more due to circumstances. This issue needs to be corrected in order to prevent putting patients and nurses as well in danger. Low nurse to patient ratios can be corrected by having a maximum of 4 patients at once. This number of pa tients is ethical and is not costly. When a nurse has a large amount of patients things that can be easily noticed go unnoticed. If there is a low nurse to patient ratio, a nurse may very well overlook little signs that can lead to a diagnosis.Due to low nurse to patient ratios a patient faces a higher chance of obtaining pneumonia. Once the patient has pneumonia in many cases it goes undetected. As a result of the viral infection not being detected is goes untreated. An increase in nurse patient ratio shows a 9. 5 percent decrease in the odds of a patient getting pneumonia (Stanton). If a nurse had more time with a single patient the viral infection could be easily recognized and treated. A patient dying under the care of a nurse is a very big issue. As an effect of low staffed urses an abundant amount of patients face a seven percent increase in the probability of dying within 30 days of admission to a hospital (â€Å"Hospital Nurse †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). They also are up against a sev en percent chance of a nurse failing to rescue (â€Å"Hospital Nurse†¦ †). Not only does the low nurse to patient ratios affect the patient but the nurse as well. A nurse’s day is full of tedious tasks. A nurse works extremely hard during the time they are on the floor working. After working extremely hard for a 12 hour shift with multiple patients a person is over worked.As a result of doing this day after day, a person becomes burnt out. Forty-three percent of nurses had high burnout scores (Schwenk). Other than a nurse becoming burnt out, a nurse may also become dissatisfied with the nursing field. A nurse is typically passing out medications and providing direct care a patient, but in most cases ends up going outside of the responsibilities described in their job description. A nurse ends up performing duties of those that are to be done by a certified nursing assistant or licensed practical nurse due to the fact that there is a high amount of patients all at once.Since the nurse is doing many other jobs they ultimately feel as though they no longer want to work as a nurse. With each additional patient, a nurse faces a 15 percent increase in the chances of becoming dissatisfied as working as a nurse. Forty-three percent of nurses had low job-satisfaction scores (Schwenk). To prevent nurses from becoming dissatisfied with this field, there needs to be a law mandating that a nurse is to only have 4 patients to care for. In each and every facility where a nurse is employed, the mandatory nurse to patient ratio should be four patients to one nurse.This ratio is reasonably cost efficient. According to research done by Thomas Schwenk, if the amount of patients were to be increased, from four patients to one nurse, to any number up to eight patients would result in five deaths per one thousand patients. The ratio of four patients to one nurse is an ethical ratio. Once a minimum of four patients to one nurse is mandated in all states of America, patients will no longer have to worry about receiving adequate health care. Nurses will no longer become dissatisfied as working as a nurse.When the number of patients a nurse has is lowered, a nurse will only complete what it is that a nurse is required to do, instead of performing the duties of a nursing assistant. A nurse will not be burnt out after a shift, due to the fact that they will only be responsible for giving care to four patients. Works Cited Aiken LH, Clarke SP, Sloane DM, Sochalski J, Silber JH. â€Å"Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction. † JAMA, 30 October 2002. Web. 1 September 2012. Stanton M. A. , Mark. †Hospital Nurse Staffing and Quality of Care. † Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Web. 1 September 2012. Schwenk MD, Thomas. â€Å"Low Nurse Staffing Ratios, Patient Safety, and Nurse Burnout. † Journal Watch Specialties, 8 November 2002. Web. 7 September 2012. Annotated Bibliogra phy Aiken LH, Clarke SP, Sloane DM, Sochalski J, Silber JH. â€Å"Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction. † JAMA, 30 October 2002. Web. 1 September 2012. The article basically discusses low patient to nurse ratios. This problem has become extremely prevalent in the past decade. It goes into detail on how it affects the nurse and patient as well.Research done by the authors of this article show that each additional patient a nurse has brings on a 23 percent increase in the odds of a burn out and 15 percent increase in job dissatisfaction. In many cases the nurse becomes burnt out, due to all of the work and time put in. As an effect of low staffed nurses an abundant amount of patients face a seven percent increase in the probability of dying within 30 days of admission to a hospital. They also are up against a seven percent chance of a nurse failing to rescue. Stanton M. A. , Mark. †Hospital Nurse Staffing and Quality of Car e. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Web. 1 September 2012. This article written by Mark Stanton goes into fixing the low patient to nurse ratios and as well some of the effects. The article goes over nurses becoming burnt out and dissatisfied with working as a nurse. Studies done by the AHRQ brings the effect of low staffed nurses and the higher chances of patients getting pneumonia. An increase in RN patient ratio shows a 9. 5 percent decrease in getting pneumonia. If a nurse had more time with a single patient it could be easily recognized and treated. Welton PhD RN, John. Mandatory Hospital Nurse to Patient Staffing Ratios: Time to Take a Different Approach. † The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 30 September 2007. Web. 1 September 2012. This article discusses an alternative way to help with low nurse to patient ratios. Instead of having a mandatory nurse to patient staffing ratio, simply charge patients based on the care they were given. It goes into arguing the alternative solution. The option is cost efficient. This option decreases the chances of a nurse becoming burnt out because a nurse does not work as many hours. It also rules out the chances of job dissatisfaction.

Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Germany - Essay Example As per Benjamin Freedman, the Zionists which consisted of the Jews from Germany were the main people, who wanted America to enter the Second World War, to fight against Germany and help Britain. Hence the Zimmermann telegram could have been just a pretext. Till then America had been very much neutral in the war and was having trading ties with Great Britain. 2. Woodrow Wilson pointed out that, the entry of US in its war against Germany would automatically pull them into the Second World War, which would mark the beginning of a new era of bloodshed and arrogance on the part of the US. Thus if the US had remained out of the war, it would have made Germany become a superpower and dominate the world affairs. ( www.eyewitnesstohistory.com ) Thus history had changed its course due to the US participation in the war, which made it much powerful due its military might and a superpower of the world. Thus US would have been a much peaceful nation and would not have made many countries its enemy, if it had kept out of the Second World

Nursing critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing critique - Essay Example The major concepts of the theory center on the environment, nursing, health, and the person. Fundamentally, nursing care focuses on the patients, and the environment mediates an individual’s health. Hence, nursing care should assist a patient to complete self-care. Thus, nurses have the responsibility to assess patients’ ability to provide self-care, as well as, determine the environmental context with the intent of overcoming the health-related limitations. Environment can affect the delivery of quality health care according to Orem’s theory. The Self-Care Deficit Theory originated from Orem’s quest of working towards the goal of improving the quality of nursing, especially in the general health care facilities within her state. Typically, the dissatisfaction, as well as, the concern of lack of organizing a framework for nursing knowledge influenced Orem to come up with the theory (Fawcett, 2001). Orem indicated that many concept models from medicine, sociology, and psychology were the basis of the curriculum in the majority of the nursing education programs. Orem cited the blatant absence of specification, agreement, and fundamental elements that offered guidelines for the identification of nursing problems and organization of knowledge to support her theory (De & Anderson, 2008). Orem formulated the ideas of the theory after she interacted intensively with the nurses in their profession for a considerable time when offering her expertise consultation in Indiana State Board of Health (Fawcett, 2001). The exposure led to Orem to conclude that nursing entailed thinking and communication. Hence, questions centering on the responsibilities of nurses as practitioners of nursing, the reason they offer care, and the results of their work formed the basis for the development of the theory. The theory is useful in practice as it provides it details the ways of meeting the

Practical Anthropology and Moral Philosophy Distinction Essay

Practical Anthropology and Moral Philosophy Distinction - Essay Example The essay "Practical Anthropology and Moral Philosophy Distinction" presents the analysis of the difference between Kant’s moral philosophy and the empirical moral philosophy in terms of their principles and major determinants. The basis of finding the supreme moral principle should not be on the descriptive part but on the authoritative normative principle that is most fundamental in deciding human actions. Kant claims that morality commands human beings to be natural using the prior principles but never through the posterior ones. The two principles must be clearly distinguished in order to help determine what the conditional and the unconditional truths are as they may vary from species to species. What may be prudentially good to one person may not be so in another. The only way of justifying such a statement would be to analyze the moral philosophy and the empirical moral philosophy of the species concerned. Kant asserts that all moral theories prior to this fail to explain the categorical nature of moral obligation and to articulate a supreme moral principle that could capture the categorical nature of morality because those previous moral theories had neither recognized moral agents as autonomous nor recognized that the supreme moral principle must be self-legislated. The result of self-legislation in the previous theories on moral philosophy could only lead to hypothetical imperatives whereas Kant’s theory, solely based on the autonomy of legislation, could lead to categorical imperatives.

Ethical Behavior of Business Students at Rocky University Essay

Ethical Behavior of Business Students at Rocky University - Essay Example This, in turn has raised a critical concern, as the number of students graduating from the university will not acquire the required and appropriate expertise along with knowledge (Prenshaw & et al., 2001). Rocky University had been facing problems related to cheating activities due to which the Dean took the initiative of resolving this issue through conducting a survey. The Dean strongly believed that by conducting this survey, the existing ethical behavior of the business students belonging to the university could be evaluated. For this survey, 90 business students were selected from Rocky University so as to determine the proportion of students who were engaged in cheating while pursuing their degree course. From the survey conducted, it could be revealed that a total of 71 male students were engaged in cheating activity, while a total of 58 female students were involved in the same. The cheating activity mainly includes the practices of copying from internet photocopying others during exams and collaborating on the projects that had been already allocated to the students individually. This can be better understood with the help of the following tabular representation. From the above table, it can be identified that out of 90 business students surveyed in the university, 34 students have been engaged in practices of copying from the internet. Amongst these 34 students, it could be revealed that 18 male students were engaged in the practices of copying from internet and the remaining 16 female students had undertaken the similar practice. This provides an idea that the proportion of male students copying from the internet is more as compared to female students. As per the above depicted table, it can also be apparently observed that out of 90 students, a total of 46 students had copied in their exam, out of which 26 and 20 students were

Aristotles virtue ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aristotles virtue ethics - Essay Example The main goal of his virtue theory is to reach out the excellence (virtue) in self-performance, i.e. achieving happiness throughout life. As I see, Aristotle’s virtue theory is helpful for contemporary individuals living in a highly demoralized society. The question is that to what extent each individual normally sees the state of happiness. Definitely, it depends on likes and dislikes people have. However, to separate goodness from evil is really vital for sound-minded individuals. Thus, I feel that this theory fits into contemporary requirements of the mankind. Therefore, I have come to such a conclusion that Aristotle’s virtue theory is a predominant source to nurture virtues of goodness among individuals. The society and different communities within it will have an opportunity to improve due to being loyal to the virtues theory as an elementary instruction to reach out the social equilibrium. This tendency should lead people in an upward

Management Essay Example for Free

Management Essay The management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling Management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading and controlling organizational resources. The success of an organization is determined by four essential functions of management: controlling, leading, organizing, and planning. Controlling involves directing and monitoring the progress of employees. Controlling employees and the work environment helps employees to stay focused on goals set by the management. Management must provide superior leadership skills by making their presence known in the work environment. Employees have a basic need of having contact on a daily basis with management. By leading managers motivate their employees and increase efficiency. Management makes an organization successful by organizing all aspects of business which would include business functions; creating organizational charts, setting goals, creating an action plan, and figuring out the logistics to make sure goals are achieved. Management must use the function of control to stabilize employee performance and the work environment. Control is always viewed as a negative term because employees think of being restricted. However, controls are placed for the benefit of everyone, without a controlled organization there would be chaos. Within my organization, management maintains control by setting clear guidelines each employee must obey. Managers expect people in an organization to change their behavior in response to control (Erven, 1994). Since my colleagues and I work as independent contractors everyone has the power to choose their own schedule. Management controls the environment by making everyone adhere to the set schedule by 75% or better. When contractors meet their commitment, they are rewarded with a pay incentive. Prior to this policy being enforced, performance was lower, since this control has been in place performance has increased dramatically. Leading Management is expected exercise the function of leading in order for the organization to meet their goals. Leading is an essential function of management because it helps management direct employees to focus on the big picture. Typically management will focus on increasing productivity to improve cost efficiency. In order to improve productivity, employees need direction and motivation from management. At my organization, employees are paid based on commission. Management provides employees with information about busier working hours so that employees have the opportunity to maximize their efforts on those hours. At the end of the day, management wants the needs of the customers to be met as well as employees to be satisfied with their compensation. Organizing Organizing is a critical component of good management, because everything within the organization is depending on the organizational skills of the management. Management is primarily responsible for organizing resources in order for goals to be met (Bateman Snell, 2007). Within the organization, management must create an organizational chart which would describe the business function and responsibility of each person on that chart. Management would assume responsibility for all logistics to be in place to assist their employees of meeting their goals. In my organization, a critical component of organizing involves having all of the necessary technology functioning properly since business is conducted by phone and internet. On a daily basis the management has to make sure the phone routing system is functioning properly as well as their websites. Occasionally technical problems occur, and they must be handled immediately or else business will suffer if the necessary technology is not available. Planning Planning is essential component to the other three functions of management running smoothly. Planning involves the management team identifying goals and objectives within the organization. Once goals are mapped out, management must work together to analyze the current state of the organization and make a plan of action to implement immediate changes. In order to plan successfully, management must anticipate circumstances they could be affected by. Based on goals, objectives, and their forecast into the future they can begin to create business strategies. The management in my organization focuses on increasing the volume of customers. When the volume of customers drops, promotions occur more often to lure customers in. In order to prepare for unthinkable situations such as a drop in business management must work within other departments to develop contingency plans when business is not going as planned. The roles and responsibilities managers have within an organization. There are managers in every profession – it is not a standalone field. For those of us who become managers, we reach a stage in our career progression where we apply for roles which have management responsibilities. We then need to build our managerial experience and gain the knowledge and skills to enable us to carry out the role effectively. As a manager, there are many responsibilities must follow. Managers take on an essential responsibility for communication. Particularly with the pace of change, it ismore important than ever to keep employees informed of what’s going on. In performing the informational role, managers are essentially two-way information conduits. Managers must keep employees informed of all things that affect their work and provide information to their organisation (and, often, outside their organisation) about what the team is doing. To undertake PDRs with staff. Through the PDR process, to engage in the setting of objectives in order to assist in the monitoring of performance and the development of the individual. To assess the training and development needs of staff to ensure that they are adequately supported in relation to their work responsibilities. Managers are also required to ensure that staff have completed the relevant mandatory training for their role. To ensure appropriate management systems and procedures are in place to meet your health and safety duties. You will find your responsibilities contained in the University’s Health and Safety policy. You are required to ensure appropriate risk assessments are carried out in respect of significant hazards and safety inspections. To apply the University’s Equal Opportunities Policy. Line managers are responsible for maintaining a working environment that is free of discrimination, harassment, victimisation and bullying. In applying the Universities Equal Opportunities Policy and associated training, line managers have an important role in ensuring that no person associated with MMU receives less favorable treatment on the grounds of: gender, race or ethnic origin, nationality, disability, sexual orientation, social background or for any other identifiable discriminatory cause. There will be other responsibilities for you dependent on your managerial level within the University. You should speak to your own manager if you need to clarify any of these.